It is shown that properly used condoms prevent transmission of the AIDS virus and contagion in other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).

Another preventive measure to keep in mind is to recognize any symptoms, especially those who go away even if the disease continues.

Typical symptoms are itching, itching, yellowish discharge, pain, inflammation and warts. The men have no visible symptoms in some diseases, but if the broadcast. If you suspect that you have some kind of STD you have to do is seek medical attention immediately. Almost all STDs can be cured. The sooner treatment begins, there is less risk of permanent problems. The diagnosis and treatment is usually not painful or expensive.

The places where you can get help is to go to a general practitioner, a specialist in obstetrics and gynecology, a specialist in dermatology, to a family planning centers, or to centers specializing in sexually transmitted diseases.

If a person has been diagnosed with an STD should tell your partner or people who’ve had sex recently, reports of illness you have and can have the possibility of contagion, even if no symptoms.

STDs are transmitted during sexual intercourse through the vagina, penis, anus during oral sex or by contact with infected blood and from mother to child. Most of the microbes causing these diseases need warm, moist places to live, therefore infect the mouth, rectum and sex organs (vagina, vulva, penis and testicles).

These diseases are not inherited but acquired transmissible if while she is pregnant. In this case it is a native disease, ie it is acquired in the uterus. ”

ASSISTED FERTILIZATION

Many couples suffer from infertility problems. Until recently, not had any solution. But in recent years, thanks to research there were surprising advances to solve them.

Assisted reproductive techniques are methods that offer infertile couples the highest probability of achieving a pregnancy.

The most notable progress was that of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer.

In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)

IVF is an assisted reproduction technique by which eggs and sperm are placed in contact in vitro. Both the fertilization and the early stages of embryonic development take place within a culture medium (capsule) that is located in a place specifically designed for it, and 37 ° C for two days.

From this, the resulting embryo is transferred from the maternal uterus where they can continue their development and after natural fertilization.

IVF allows for reaching “directly” to the eggs and sperm, facilitating their meeting. Therefore, it is indicated primarily when there is a mechanical cause it impossible, for example, absence or obstruction of the fallopian tubes, or where the sperm are deficient in natural barriers across different way to the uterus.

At first, the first and great indication for IVF was tubal pathology (alteration of the tubes), but today have added others, such as endometriosis, unexplained infertility of long standing, male sterility, after several attempts with insemination artificial, and so on.

DIFFERENT STAGES OF A CYCLE OF IN VITRO FERTILIZATION

a. Ovulation stimulation

Ovarian stimulation was performed with hormonal products (FSH / HMG) tailored to each patient in order to obtain as many mature eggs, and thus increase the possibility of transferring more than one embryo, thus increasing the possibilities of pregnancy.

b. Treatment control or monitoring

This monitoring is absolutely necessary to evaluate hormone therapy instituted, to ensure that all goes well, and indicate the optimal time to “trigger ovulation. This control is effected through two essential procedures:

1. Dosage blood (blood samples) for hormonal control.
2. Ultrasound examinations to determine the number and size of ovarian follicles.

c. Triggering of ovulation

When the size of ovarian follicles measured by ultrasound and hormonal levels determined by blood dosages are satisfactory, ovulation is triggered with an injection of HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin). The application of it is indispensable to complete follicular maturation.

d. Follicular puncture for oocyte

It conducts approximately 35 hours after injection of HCG. This technique is simple and fast. Is performed vaginally (so that there is no scar at all) under ultrasound guidance, under local anesthesia.

e. Collection of semen

Should be the day of follicular puncture. Abstinence is advised three days, because if the span is too short to be poor semen sperm, and if the period is extended a number of them will be killed and another significant percentage showed a significant decrease in motility, condition it essential for fertilization.

It prepares the sperm to be able to penetrate the egg, this is achieved through various techniques (swim-up, percoll gradients, etc.).

f. Biological stage. What happens in the laboratory?

The contents of the punctured follicles (follicular fluid and oocytes), it is immediately observed under the microscope, then wash and prepare the eggs for the fertilization process. In a capsule, each egg is placed in the presence of approximately 150,000 sperm. Fertilization which is the penetration of sperm into the egg, occurs several hours later.

g. Embryo transfer

The transfer is a simple act and devoid of risks. Aspirated the resulting embryo into a very thin flexible catheter, it is inserted vaginally into the uterus through the cervical canal, then gently deposited the embryos in the uterine cavity.

h. What happens after the transfer?

New hormonal dosages are needed to diagnose early pregnancy. The first dosage of ßHCG (pregnancy hormone) is made 12 days after the transfer. If negative, it means no deployment. If positive, repeat at 48 pm. If you still positive, it is a “chemical pregnancy” at 6 ½ weeks, an ultrasound, and if you look at the gestational sac we call “clinical pregnancy.

Tubal Transfer

* In EMBRYO TRANSFER Tubal oocyte recovery and insemination is performed the same way as in IVF-ET but instead the embryos are not transferred to the uterus but the fallopian tubes.
* The Tubal TRANSFER gametes are implanted in the fallopian tube male and female gametes.

DEVELOPMENT OF NEW TECHNIQUES

Other problems arose as the IVF technique was improved. At first the women had the operation to extract the single egg that was to liberate naturally fertilized and then could be that the woman had already ovulated, or extracted after Unfertilized or fertilized after, transfer to the uterus not be implanted, so that the woman was not pregnant. Repeated attempts to make the woman could get pregnant sometimes after 10 years, many operations and a high economic cost.

To improve efficiency attempted to control ovulation and stimulate research and obtaining more than one egg, fertilize several, try to plant several blasts, and also learn to conserve freeze unused embryos for another attempt if not succeed in the first implantation.

This opened up the spectrum of possible procedures. It is possible the donation of eggs, like sperm, embryo selection (by sex or discarding those who carry a defective gene), the removal and disposal of some implanted embryos (in cases of multiple pregnancies) may be a child and years later his twin ie it was fertilized at the same time but that was frozen pending, it is possible for a child to be born years after the death of their parents or have children without ever having sex. All these technological possibilities arising from changes in the treatment of sterile women are very different to the possibilities of natural procreation.

OTHER TECHNIQUES OF ASSISTED REPRODUCTION

The LOW COMPLEXITY TECHNIQUES include ovarian stimulation, application of hormones that allow the production of more eggs of better quality, and artificial insemination, the introduction of a semen sample at higher than normal number in the uterine cavity of women.

The micromanipulation techniques include the injection of between 5 and 8 of a single sperm or below the egg membrane Poluco.

Natural fertilization is a complex phenomenon, which is the union of male and female gametes (eggs and sperm), resulting from this union the formation of a unicellular organism (egg cell or zygote), starting point of a new being. The semen (seminal fluid and sperm) is deposited in the back of the vagina, and begins the ascent into the tube. It is in the outer third of this in which case the meeting and union of egg and sperm: fertilization. Produced after fertilization, the new self, cell or zygote undergoes cell division process called segmentation. Then begins the migration of the embryo to the uterus. The nesting, ie uterine implantation, occurring in about 7 days of the occurrence of fertilization.

GIFT: Gamete intrafallopian transfer means. The male and female gametes (eggs and sperm) are transferred together with one or both fallopian tubes. Fertilization occurs in the tube, and the resulting embryo migrates to the uterus, as in natural reproduction. The indications, we can enumerate: sterility of unknown origin (primary indication), endometriosis and infertility of immunologic, cervicogenic, male problems, and so on. Of course, the patients eligible for this method must have at least a horn sound. A cycle of GIFT is similar to one of IVF with the same stages of:

1. Stimulation of ovulation for several eggs.
2.
3. Triggering of ovulation with HCG.
4. Inspiratory follicular puncture, usually by transvaginal ultrasound.
5. Collection of semen and sperm preparation.
6. Short incubation of eggs and sperm.
7. Transfer of gametes (rather than as in IVF embryos) in the tube (not in the uterus as in IVF). This is done by laparoscopy, under general anesthesia.
8. In some cases, if considered appropriate, a diagnostic laparoscopy is combined with GIFT.

PROST: The intrafallopian transfer of ova pronuclei stage. In the PROST the eggs are aspirated by transvaginal and fertilized in a dish in the laboratory 24 hours. later the pronuclei in a state of pre-embryos are transferred to the tube. These are the differences with GIFT and IVF, as the rest of the procedure is the same.

TET and ZIFT: Here, the fertilized egg divided, early-stage embryo segmentation, is transferred to the fallopian tube by laparoscopy. So is his name TET (Tubal Embryo Transfer). The other stages are the same as in the GIFT. These techniques ZIFT, PROST, TET, differs from GIFT in that fertilization occurs in the laboratory, not in the tube. On the other hand, are different from IVF, because the transfer is made to the trunk and not the uterus.

ICSI (Intracytoplasmic sperm injection). The ICSI is a micromanipulation procedure in which an egg is set, and is injected inside a single sperm. This means that it would suffice to obtain a single sperm, either from the ejaculate, or even directly from the testicle, in order to perform this technique. The injection is made with a special microscope of extraordinary definition, which adds a system of small arms that hold two micro. These arms regulate their movement by a hydraulic and electronic system commanded by a joystick. The procedure starts with the induction of ovulation. Then, the eggs are extracted by transvaginal ultrasound puncture under local anesthesia. In the laboratory, the eggs are cleaned and placed in a special culture medium sealed by a layer of oil. The sperm are selected after repeated washings. The egg is laid by one of the micropipettes. In turn, a spermatozoon is immobilized and the other micropipette aspiration, then inject it into the egg. The next day, if we observe the presence of two pronuclei, male and female, we know that fertilization has occurred. At 24h. Moreover, we have an embryo, capable of being transferred to the uterus of the mother.

Infectious diseases sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are caused by sexual intercourse, through semen or vaginal fluids, also via transplacental in the case of AIDS, adding the blood-borne transmission. Some of these diseases can have serious health consequences and even be fatal.

There are now a permanent increase of STDs in predominantly the same people under 25 years, this phenomenon is given by:

* Start early sexual intercourse;
* Less fear of STDs by the existence of new antibiotics;
* Increased immigration and emigration of the population;
* Preference in the use of hormonal contraceptives and IUDs at the expense of barrier methods;
* Lack of preventive measures against STDs especially in developing countries;
* Lack of Sex Education.

Most STDs are treatable and curable. It may be without symptoms and sometimes the symptoms may disappear, but the disease is not curable, if not received adequate treatment. For this reason it is important that women undergoing gynecological screening (once or twice a year), if they have sex.
If left untreated, can cause serious health problems such as sterility, blindness, mental disorders, physical birth defects, increased odds of developing cancer, heart disease and even death.
A person can have more than one STD at the same time and can re-enter the same disease. The more you delay treatment, the greater the damage they cause, therefore, if a person has the slightest suspicion that has been exposed to infection should consult a doctor immediately. Sexual partners should be examined and treated simultaneously to avoid re infecting each other. These diseases are transmitted during sexual intercourse in the vagina, anus or during oral sex (sucking or sucking). Some of these diseases (HIV and hepatitis B) can also be transmitted by contact with infected blood.

Most of the microbes causing these diseases need warm, damp places to live. Therefore infect the mouth, rectum and sex organs (vagina, vulva, penis and testicles).

Symptoms that may indicate a person has an STD are:

In men:

* Sores, bumps or blisters near the genitals, anus or mouth;
* Burning pain when urinating or a bowel movement;
* Need to urinate continually;
* Itching around sex organs;
* Red, swollen throat;
* Flu-like symptoms with fever, chills and aches;
* Swelling around the sexual organs.

In women:

* Flow or unusual odor in the vagina;
* Pain in the pelvic area, in the place between the navel and genitals;
* Burning or itching around the vagina;
* Bleeding from the vagina that is not your normal rule;
* Pain in the vagina during intercourse.

There are over 50 diseases that are sexually transmitted but most important are:

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): PID is usually caused by a sexually transmitted infection that has not been addressed properly, such as Chlamydia or gonorrhea. Often the first symptoms are ignored and PID is not diagnosed until they reached an advanced stage. It can cause tubal scarring that can lead to infertility or ectopic pregnancy (tubal).
The most common symptoms are pain ranging from moderate to severe in the lower abdomen, fever, cervical tenderness and / or abnormal vaginal discharge.
Blood tests that may suggest a show EPI erythrocyte sedimentation rate elevated, and elevated C-reactive protein. A positive result combined with gonorrhea or chlamydia symptoms are likely to be a diagnosis of PID. Hospitalization is recommended for the treatment of PID in women with HIV although mild or early infections can be treated on an outpatient basis. The pregnant women with HIV and that they are suspected of having PID should be hospitalized and treated with antibiotics and that these are approved for pregnancy since many of the antibiotics used to treat EPI are not recommended during pregnancy.

For a year or two, the term female prostate comes in medical textbooks of histology (histology is the study of tissues and cells). Until now, the female prostate was still called in the textbooks of anatomy and histology, Skene glans and glans was considered a minor, presenting some similarities with the male prostate gland but so stunted. In recent years, the female prostate takes its role in female sexuality.

Anatomy of the female prostate and female ejaculation

The female prostate has a weight of 5g and a volume of one fifth or one fourth the size of the male prostate gland. Has the same structure histology (glandes, channels and smooth muscles), the same secretions (the famous PSA for all men to the 50 known), the same pathology (inflammation, prostate, etc..), Than men. The women’s prostate is located along the urethra, much earlier in the 60 to 70% of cases and 10% of cases is a bit more later, corresponding to point G (discovered by Grafenberg). In other cases it is more prevalent along the urethra or in a rudimentary state. This fits with prostate urethra (the urethral meatus close, through which urine exits) by very thin channels.

The female prostate plays an important role at the time of female orgasm during penetration and make movements while pressure from the yard into the anterior vaginal wall (as in massage prostate in men causing an orgasm). Do women have a prostate rudimentary type, almost nonexistent, would be those who complain over coital anorgasmia?

The existence of this female prostate can be the answer for women called “ sources”who have a very heavy discharge during orgasm, and that have a real orgasmic ejaculation. A case that until now was difficult to explain.Finally, say that this notion of prostate cancer in women may explain some movements burns during intercourse, although the gynecologist does not find any local vulvar or vaginal infection.

The prostate, the glandular organ of the genitourinary system, may no longer be an exclusive part of the male anatomy. If confirmed the findings of the special investigation conducted by a team of urologists in Austria, women also have prostate cancer and also ejaculation when they experience an orgasm. Specifically, the collaboration of two women who claimed to ejaculate during intercourse has been instrumental in the latest attempt to clarify the uncertainties about the presence of this structure in the female body, the result has just published The Journal of Sexual Medicine. The issue has been debated for centuries and still is, despite advances in knowledge of physical and psychological mechanisms involved in the process of female sexual arousal. Although previous studies suggest that women have a gland similar to that of male, attached to the urethra, skeptics suggest that this is a diverticulum (sac-like bulge) of this canal and that ejaculation is an issue of them urinary .
In fact, another theory holds that it is a form of incontinence. To clarify the controversy, the authors studied extensively the genitourinary system of two volunteers, 44 and 45. The technique underwent ultrasound of avant-gard, high-definition perineal ultrasound, and thoroughly reviewed the urethra using an endoscope. They also collected samples of ejaculation (the participants had to masturbate) and compared with voiding urine obtained before sexual activity.

Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer is a very common malignant tumor that usually appears after age 40. One in 10 patients may develop prostate cancer and 3 in 100 may die from this cause. Prostate cancer is the development of undifferentiated cells (malignant) inside the prostate, usually in the posterior region near the rectum. In advanced stage can be located elsewhere such as bone metastases and lymph nodes.

The manifestations of prostate cancer may occur later when the cancer is already well advanced, this requires resorting to increasingly aggressive procedures that reduce the quality and life expectancy of the patient

Different studies have shown that the younger the person who develops prostate cancer, the greater the aggressiveness of this and therefore require more aggressive treatment. So is the state of health: The less healthy the patient is suffering from prostate cancer, more aggressive the disease.

Symptoms:
Some appear when the cancer is advanced. The most common are: difficulty or painful urination, weak stream, dribbling, frequent urination, blood in urine, blood in semen, back pain likely if sowing-in-metastasis spine, painful ejaculation, pain hip, thigh pain, pain in the testicles, or near them.

Elevated PSA

The most common classification is that which concerns the extent of the tumor (A, B, C, D). The explanation of this technique has been adapted to current knowledge, because once the PSA was considered as part of this classification. But we know that its usefulness is severely restricted because the PSA is elevated by many different causes prostate cancer.

Stage A
The cancer is localized within the prostate and is coincidentally when this is removed to correct a blockage. It is usually curable

Stage B
The cancer still localized exclusively within the prostate, is large enough to be suspected by the initial diagnostics. It is usually curable

Stage C
Cancer through the capsule of the prostate and surrounding tissues committed but not yet metastasized. Some are curable. Besides the initial diagnostics is essential to make a bone scintigraphy to differentiate it from stage D.

Stage D
The cancer has metastasized to bone especially (detected in the scan) and lymph nodes. It is not curable but there are currently palliative care;

Prostate Cancer Diagnosis
Digital rectal to suspect prostate cancer when it has grown enough to deform the prostate, or when it is located near the rectum. As the digital rectal examination allows evaluation of the anterior part of the prostate, using other diagnostic tools.

PSA (PSA or prostate specific antigen) used to assess response to treatment but not to diagnose prostate cancer, it also increases in benign prostatic hypertrophy, prostatitis, cystitis, seminal vesiculitis, rectal and sexual activity.

Prostate biopsy: it is very precise to establish the type of cancer, but unfortunately it is very painful but can be complicated by bleeding, infection and spread of tumors.

Conventional prostatic ultrasound: Lets get an approximate idea of the size of the prostate but due to its low sensitivity is usually supplemented with prostate biopsy.

C.M.P. – Prostate, including prostatic transrectal ultrasound CAD Color: can detect prostate cancer. Demonstrates benign prostatic disease, the probability of cancer, degree of hypertrophy, weight and prostate volume, tumor size, extent neighbor, post void residual, pathology of the seminal vesicle and rectal and bladder tumors eventually making it the ideal diagnostic tool to start the study and is safe and painless as can be practiced without restrictions