Definitions of Surgical nursing
1. Surgical
Joint units are located where the operating rooms, locker rooms, corridors, areas for washing and sterilizing … can be divided into three parts:
- Clean area: where to go perfectly dressed with hat, pajamas … no need to mask.
- Dirty Zone: where they will stop the waste, it is necessary to use special clothing.
- Zone sterile washing before surgery (need to wear the mask.
2. Operating Room
It is one of the many services within the hospital, their performance is only part of the surgical patient care.
3. Surgery
Branch of medicine including prenatal, intra and postoperative patient.
Architecture of the OR
1. Design
There is no design that is suitable for all hospitals. This depends on the number of beds that has, covering diseases …
The number of surgeries depends on:
- Number of interventions to be undertaken
- The length
- Proportion of hospitalized, ambulatory and emergency department.
2. Location
- To be accessible to areas of hospitalization, and not waste time or money.
- Near ICU and resuscitation, as the new operator is a critical patient.
- Well connected: Sterilization (which will take material to the operating room, Radiology, Pathology (intraoperative biopsies to determine the course of the operation, Laboratory
3. Barriers
The operating room must establish barriers to isolate it with:
- The rest of the hospital and outside.
- Its interior, septic and aseptic area.
- Signposted by posters that prevent access to foreign personnel
- Isolated from the noise, do not favor the concentration
- Weatherization isolated from the outside (as it enters the windows around) and air conditioning (fitted with special filters) to provide a moisture content of 50-60%.
- Independent water supply with special filters (control by preventive medicine).
- Clothing for operating room personnel
- Hoists and elevators for exclusive use.
- Temperature over 18 ° C and adequate moisture
4. Design types
- Central Corridor
- Dual-core central corridor aseptic
- Circular (runner peripheral)
5. Access
Clothing; staff, patients and visitors must comply with established rules of the road. This prevents the spread of pathogens to patients and protects personnel from infectious patients.
6. Size
The ideal size is 35-60 m2 from here are too great, it would be useful to have the material to be used at 5-6 feet away and we would have to move increasing the risk of contamination. Less than 35 m2 would be too small, the operating room staff could not move easily.
7. Materials
Floors walls (tiled) and ceilings must be:
- Hard
- No porous
- Resistant to heat, stains and bruises
- Waterproof
- No cracks
- Easy to clean
The floors in particular must be:
- Drivers, in order to dissipate static electricity
- The floor-wall junctions must be rounded thus preventing dirt and dust deposits
8. Facilities
- Tomas vacuum, oxygen, nitrous, etc.. columns are recommended by rigid or folding, which prevent accidental disconnection by staff smoothly.
- The sockets should be multiple, with separate circuits to limit power outages at critical moments
- Generator safety
- All electrical installations have a security system with audible alarms, bright or blockage.
