How can I get my child to feed as it should? Are there any tricks to induce effective to try new things or to agree to eat that does not like too much?

These issues are a headache for many parents who fail to find strategies or resources to adequately feed their children during childhood and through adolescence. A stage in which many children and young people would feed exclusively on the basis of fries, spaghetti sauce or “fast food” if the election depended on them.

Psychologists and nutritionists provide some tips and ideas, to make the younger generation to eat better:

• Early childhood habits and preferences.
Kids like anything that produces intense feelings but recognizable, and therefore are attached to the first taste, sweet and salty, and textures such as smoothness or firmness of fat meat. Once accustomed to these stimuli is difficult to accept other eating habits.

Since small like the food tasty and something that “hits” your palate, make meals should be as palatable as possible, using natural flavors and healthy products.

You have to use fresh and dried fruits, sugar cane, Greek yoghurt or “bio” and honey to prepare homemade desserts. Limit the goods must be very sweet or savory little by little you can re-educate the palate of a small to learn to accept less salt and sugar in a matter of weeks.

• The presentation, as important as the content.
To some extent, are attracted to small experiment with new foods, because they want to find something that they are familiar, but not like entertainment with a plate.

The solution is to present food attractively, with new flavors, in small doses. In a few weeks the child will begin to accept the new proposals and to develop eating habits based on the variety.

Most fruits and vegetables can be reduced to juice or sauce, you can combine colors and textures of different ingredients. A small snack presentation gives the child the feeling that he must face a grueling portion.

Nor can we cook too much food because not only lose nutrients but also become insipid. The method of preparing food is crucial: there are children who love the tortilla, but hate fried eggs.

• What’s new in the kitchen, nightmares on the table.
If the child does not accept either the new or unusual foods, encourage and be patient, trying to give different types of products from the outset and ensuring that the dishes have an interesting issue. It is advisable to introduce new foods at the beginning of the meal, when a child is hungry.

If they refuse to test them is to stay calm and offer the food again after a few days, whether prepared or otherwise mixed with one of their favorite dishes.

• The importance of leading by example.
The desires of parents as their children’s condition and most of the time the children want the same foods that are pleasant to their family and are put on the table as usual. Forcing a child to eat something that is disgusting, not the way to forming their good habits.

Nor can we use food as a reward or punishment proper nutrition should not be changed depending on the child’s behavior. It is unacceptable to “forgive” the child’s mashed if he behaves himself or give to eat vegetables if you draw bad grades.

• The same foods prepared differently.
Many children hate what they are difficult to chew or swallow, like pieces of meat, vegetables or fibrous fruit or pieces of bread). To eat minced meat be served in a homemade hamburger, meatloaf, lasagna or pasta sauce.

Most vegetables and fruits can be reduced to a purée, and cuts can be harder to remove. In addition, you can achieve small turning it into ingesting fresh fruit juices and homemade sodas, smoothies, ice creams and purees. The crust of bread can be removed or crushed to cover certain dishes

Definition of Burns

Burns are a specific type of soft tissue injury caused by physical, chemical, electrical or radiation. A severe burn can endanger life and requires immediate medical attention. The severity of the burn depends on the temperature of  the medium that caused and duration of exposure to it by the victim.The severity of the burn is also determined by its location in the body, burn size and age and physical condition of the victim.

Causes Burns

Physical agents
# Solid hot (estufasde heating, braziers).
# Hot liquids (water or oil).
# Extreme cold (temperatures below zero exposure).

Chemical Agents:
# Fuel and oil in general.
# Building blocks acid (hydrochloric acid or sulfuric).
# Alkali solution (caustic soda, lime).

Electrical Agent:
# Downloads plants.
# Radioactive agents (sunlight, X rays, infrared rays).

Types of Burns:

First-Degree Burns
Is considered first-degree burn that damages the surface layer of  the skin. This type of burn is usually caused by long exposure to sun or instantaneous exposure to another form of heat (irons, hot liquids).

Symptoms
# Redness of the skin.
# Dry skin.
# Type intense burning pain.
# Moderate inflammation.
# Great tenderness at the site of injury.

Second-Degree Burns
Is the burn in which damages the surface and middle layer of  skin.

Symptoms
# It is characterized by blisters.
# Severe pain.
# Inflammation of the affected area.

Third-Degree Burns
It’s the burn which are involved all layers of the skin, affecting the tissues beneath the skin as blood vessels, tendons,
nerves, muscles and may even damage the bone. This type of burn is caused by prolonged contact with hot elements, caustic or electricity.

Symptoms
# It is characterized because the skin becomes dry.
# Skin cardboard.
# There is no pain because of the destruction of the nerve endings.
# Always require medical attention, the injury is not extensive.

At home:
- Having bars on the windows
- Put caps on doors to prevent closing
- That the bathroom doors can be opened from outside
- Leave out of reach of small ornaments, even the batteries.
- Keep medicines stored in high places inaccessible to children
- Save as liquid paraffin, turpentine or other cleaner and ideally well sealed up
- Put high fences around swimming pools and always be supervised by an adult. Jofre said that the ideal “is to teach them to float and / or swimming from kids”
- In the case of bicycles, they must be appropriate to the size of the infant and they should always wear a helmet and go with an adult.
- Supervision by an adult when the child is bathed in the tub or use the shower, the important thing is to be permanently with him, because “a little water in the child’s face is enough.”
- Keep away from small stoves, especially if they are of paraffin
- For babies, cribs must have a railing at least 60 centimeters in height so difficult for them to get off. Also, if you have bars, they can not have more than six inches between them.
- Do not put toys with strings near preferable hang
- If you sleep in bed, which is petite for falling.

What to do if the children …

Tighten finger
- Observe for wounds, or increased volume
- Put them in cold water
- See if painful to move, in case of increasing volume, deformity or pain when move or a deep wound, take the nearest Emergency Service
- Moving to an emergency room immediately
- Moving to an emergency service
- Ideally be named and the presentation of the drug, remember if the number of tablets that had to determine the amount per kilo of weight and see if it is ingested in toxic level.

Leonor Jofre, a pediatrician at University Hospital of the University of Chile, said that higher-risk drugs are antidepressants and antipsychotics effects at cardiac arrhythmias that can lead to cardiac arrest.

Another important drug is acetaminophen, as it is widely used ys found in almost every home, in large doses can cause liver damage severe enough to cause liver failure if not treated in time may require liver transplantation, there is an antidote that counteracts this effect, so it is important to consult quickly even emergency service.

If it fell into the pool
- Take it out quickly
- Start resuscitation by the person best equipped with nose mouth ventilation and external cardiac massage. Ideally, if someone knows there is a pool resuscitation because “the sooner you start the resuscitation, the better the prognosis,” said Jofre.
- The pool should be protected by high fences, with a door that is not easy to open out by children. Every time they approach must be accompanied by an adult or responsible teenager, who can swim.
- The ideal is to be taught to float and swim as soon as possible.
- Children should always use floats and wings.

In particular, the study on the factors involved in the monitoring of an allowance under 8 to 12 years, prepared by a team of researchers at the University of Barcelona, shows that 61% of girls and 31% of the children surveyed responded “always” had this fear.

The research was conducted on 180 children from 2 schools in Barcelona and La Roca del Vallés (Barcelona), who, after receiving the appropriate consent of the parents were asked to know if they knew what a diet and if the had ever had, while they took the anthropometric measurements.

Diets
Bullying, because children are afraid to be fat. 4.02% of all of them were obese and overweight showed 13.22%, a 62.64% were in normal weight, while a 11.49% were 8.62% underweight and severe underweight. 88% of them claimed to know what it was a diet (97% for obese and overweight) and 16% said they were at that time in solitary driven by their mothers (8%), themselves (4.5 %) or medical (3.5%).

A remarkable element is that among children who claimed to diet, about 46% were not obese or suffer overweight, a fact that may be associated with that 35% of respondents (40% of girls and 30% of the children) are chosen as ideal figures in a table of weight one that was below average.

Benedito explained that there is difference among schoolchildren from 8 to 12 years (third through sixth grade), because as they grow older increases by 17% the number of those who want to be thinner, reflecting the fear of obesity or overweight among children in this age group.

Low self-esteem, teasing by their physical appearance and therefore being rejected by others or be a victim of harassment, bullying notorious, most fear is what causes these children, well above the health problems associated with overweight or obese, and who understand the nutrition information they receive in school as pediatricians.

Good nutrition is essential for sustaining life. The goals of good nutrition for children are to promote optimal growth and development, prevent nutritional deficiency states, to help prevent acute or chronic diseases and providing reserves for tension. Nutritional needs can be met in humans through the nutrients provided by the gastrointestinal tract via food or parenterals.

This section will deal with the following themes:
Nutritional Requirements

• Water
• Calories
• Protein
• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Vitamins
• Minerals
• Fiber

Implementation of the recommendations of the diet

• The four basic food groups
• Vegetarian Diets
• Vegetable Proteins
• Minerals
• Vitamins
• Zen macrobiotic diet

Nursing Management

• Nutrition Examination

Fluids and electrolytes

• Water
• Fluid Compartments
• Regulation of body water
• Electrolytes
• Sodium
• Potassium
• Acid-Base Balance
• Buffer system
• Respiratory Regulation
• Renal regulation of pH
• Disorders of acid-base
• Metabolic acidosis
• Metabolic alkalosis
• Respiratory acidosis
• Respiratory alkalosis
• Joint Disorders

Electrolyte therapy

• Routes of fluid administration
• Gastrointestinal tract
• Parenteral intravenous infusion or total parenteral nutrition (hyperalimentation)
• Types of electrolyte therapy

It is important that nurse to consult this page to give us his opinion of how to improve it to be useful to nurses who are dealing with little ones.

The implementation of the main non-maleficence in this area is essential because pediatric patients often lack the necessary autonomy to choose about a treatment or nursing intervention for their health, it is therefore imperative to establish a balance between the benefits and risks to the patient. On the other hand there is the possibility of no family, what the situation even more difficult.

So within this area is the role of nurses to communicate in detail to the patient or his family about his condition in terms understandable to its cultural level so that this has clear treatment goals or interventions to promote child health.

Listen to concerns of the child and answer your questions in a clear and entertaining are also part of the nurse’s role as this will lessen the anxiety of the child and increase the reliability that can take the boy to the nurse.

You must always consider the child’s family, encouraging visitors in the time periods and not making exceptions in certain cases, this will help to see the implementation of pincipalísmo charity since the family will provide a good or benefit to the patient during your hospital stay and allow us to speak with them in any education that is needed for the pediatric patient.

Therefore, not only in the role of care requires the application of ethics, humane care in these patients is essential to the well-being of health.

The child immunization programs are in place to eliminate or reduce the risk of various diseases and as a result, morbidity and infant mortality. Compliance with programs of health care in the child population is as important as varied and requires that professionals engage in it and are professionally trained.

Discussions are at present on new nursing specialties. It seems that the current specialty of pediatric nursing as such disappears and appears in Advanced Clinical Nursing. It is clear that the assessment of training for the doctors is very clear, everyone has their specialty, but if we speak of the infirmary, except for certain specialties, are assigned the care of the general population (community nurse) without considering other factors.

Studies have been made to physicians and pediatricians, there are several articles on the need for nurses attending children must have adequate preparation to meet the peculiarities of this population segment.
A pediatric nurse who has the same quota that allows a pediatrician and a joint action, if there is a continuation in time, can form a cohesive team to provide comprehensive care to pediatric care. The pediatric nurse is an important part in the primary care team, is also a figure close and accessible for children and a reference for the different groups with whom they usually worked.

Given that for each query of Pediatrics, there are three or four of General Medicine, we see that the health professionals involved in the adult population are compared to the pediatric overwhelming. This affects everything from the representation in the organs of Public Health to ignorance on the part of the professional activities undertaken in the Council of Pediatric Health Centers and even less on how the nurse Pediatrics has activities to achieve common goals based on certain programs and protocols.

Functions of pediatric nursing:

The professional activity of the pediatric nurse is directed to the promotion of health and prevention in childhood and adolescence, which is important for teamwork with the pediatrician, establishing unified criteria, agree in substance and form and a dedicated to the pediatric population.

Among the activities conducted by the pediatric nursing are:
- The program of healthy children
- In infants aged 0-2 years: Weight, size, PC, food, health, psychomotor development, general care and vaccinations.
- In the school years 3-14: Weight, height, TA, food, optotipos adaptation school vaccination.
- Promotion of breastfeeding support with a special follow-up for mothers who opt for this mode.
- Prevention of eating disorders: Control weight, improve eating habits, exercise etc..
- Vaccination of children (0 – 16 years).
- Accident Zainbide under program guidelines.
- Prevention of child abuse.
- Support for the medical
- Handling of inhaler devices and cameras.
- Cures and dressings.
- Reduced vision screening (optotipos).
- Collection of samples (smears).
- Collection of urine samples for labstix and Urocultive (bag).
- Application of liquid nitrogen in TTO., Papilloma and warts vulgares (Cryotherapy).

The child care also involves:
- Two-way contacts with schools in relation to: Capturing deficiencies (vision, hearing, language, etc.)..
- Vaccination campaigns ordinary and extraordinary.
- Talks aimed at students and teachers on nutrition, accidents and so on.
- Collaboration with institutions (municipality, county etc.) Issues: social and family problems.