Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the major causes of death in the world, including in Indonesia. Increasing the number of deaths is influenced by changes in lifestyle. High-fiber diet helps prevent the deadly attacks.

All the people would fear a heart attack that could end in sudden death. Citing a report, that more than one million people in the United States suffered a heart attack each year.

Half of them suffered death in the first hours after the attack. The other half managed to reach the hospital to get help and was treated in the Intensive Coronary Care Unit (ICCU) or also called Cardiovascular Intensive Care Unit (Cardio Vascular Care Unit).

The death rate of patients in the hospital could reach about 15 percent, usually due to death (necrose) extensive heart muscle. Approximately 425,000 patients admitted to the hospital, but about 10 percent (42,000 people) of that number died after a year later.

A heart attack occurs when there is death of heart muscle caused by interruption of blood supply to the heart muscle. The event was due to clogging of one or more coronary arteries by a blood clot. This blood clot called a thrombus. Blocked coronary arteries result in heart muscles have no other blood supply with all the nutrients it contains, such as glucose, vitamins, and minerals, hormones and electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium.

Still, you do not need to worry. To reduce the risk of interference above, various efforts can be made. The point is to always keep blood cholesterol levels that can be blamed clogged coronary arteries, not high. In addition to use of vitamin B3 (niacin), C, and E, the effort can also be done with high-fiber diet.

For those in which LDL cholesterol is the problem, the therapy of choice are statins. “These drugs regulate LDL receptors, stimulating their uptake by the liver,” explained Dr. Lozada. “Its effects are very rare,” added Dr. Ugarte, may cause an increase in liver enzymes or muscle, can cause liver inflammation or muscle. ”

That’s why when indicated statin treatment doctors usually monitor the behavior of these enzymes. Still, both experts agree, these are drugs with decades of human use that guarantee their safety.

When what is out of control are triglycerides are used fibrates. “These drugs act on the molecules that carry triglycerides, reducing its presence in the blood,” said Ugarte. “Its most common side effect is gallstone formation,” Lozada completed.

Sometimes, high levels of LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels may coexist in one person. “In that case, first shown statins in high doses it reduces not only LDL but also a bit lower triglycerides. When this is not combine statins and fibrates, but with much vigilance, as the combination enhances the risk of adverse effects of both drugs, “said Ugarte.

By Sebastian A. Rivers of the editors of La Nacion

But if the change in dietary patterns and the adoption of the measures just mentioned fails to arm-twist the dreaded cholesterol. Only then drug treatments are used to lower blood levels.

It is not easy for a person with high cholesterol respecting the letter directed by your doctor. A usual doubts and fears of patients before any treatment which in theory should be for life, was added a year and half ago the specter of Lipobay.

“Half of people with high cholesterol could benefit simply by changing your lifestyle: modifying the diet, losing weight and exercising would solve many of the cases of hypercholesterolemia,” said Dr. Alejandro Ugarte, head Section Nutrition and Diabetes Education Center and Research Medical Clinics (Cemic). Beyond reducing caloric intake, and replacing animal fat by vegetable, there are certain foods that are very good allies of all who seek to control their cholesterol levels.

“There are margarines, milks and yoghurts enriched with phytosterols, which are a natural product of plants that can reduce cholesterol” said Dr. Alfredo Lozada, chief of the Center for Lipid and Prevention, Cardiovascular Institute Buenos Aires (ICBA) -. For Moreover, cold-water fish contain omega 3, a substance that helps to reduce triglyceride levels. ”

Adopt a routine of physical exercise-especially aerobic and smoking cessation are two other changes in habit that collaborate in the fight against high cholesterol.

By Sebastian A. Rivers of the editors of La Nacion

Well, that depends on which of the different types of cholesterol are talking about. As cholesterol is a fat molecule, and therefore is not soluble in water to circulate in the blood should always be associated with another molecule that is the one which gives, say, personality.

“The various forms that the cholesterol is labeled according to the density of the molecules to which they are united,” said Dr. Ugarte. Perhaps the best known and most feared-is-low-density lipoprotein or LDL (by Low Density Lipoprotein), whom doctors nicknamed him “bad” cholesterol. This is the molecule responsible for transporting the cholesterol that is produced in the liver in its journey to various parts of the body.

Unfortunately, sometimes the LDL molecules do not reach their destination, and there begins the story of atherosclerosis. Of these it appears that not only desirable that total cholesterol is within acceptable levels, but is also a healthy sign a generous HDL cholesterol.

What levels are acceptable or desirable in terms of cholesterol? “When one speaks of total cholesterol, you want to be less than 200 milligrams per deciliter (mg / dl),” replies the doctor Ugarte. The limit values are entered 200 and 239 mg / dl, high cholesterol and talked about when it goes beyond the 240 mg / dl. ”

Finer spinning, when reading the analysis of blood cholesterol should be remembered that it is preferable that LDL levels are below 160 mg / dl for premenopausal women, and less than 130 mg / dl for males and women who have undergone menopause. “To those people who have been found evidence of arterial injury or who have diabetes are asked to be their LDL levels below 100 mg / dL,” says Ugarte.

As for HDL, complete this medical nutritionist, “is desirable (for both men and women) is to be above 40 mg / dl, and is actually beneficial from the 60 mg / dl. In these cases, their presence is considered a cardiovascular protective factor. Finally, it remains to mention another type of lipids: triglycerides. These are transported by a third molecule, the very low density lipoprotein, or VLDL (Very Low Density Lipoprotein by).

“Although individually not a risk factor, if its presence in blood is high-that is above 200 mg/dl- while HDL values are low, the latter loses its protective function.”

To keep cholesterol under control, the first thing is to have a status of this potential enemy. In healthy adults, the recommendation is to get tested for blood cholesterol and, if the values are normal, repeated five years later.

How to combat it?
Now, if the levels appear to be outside what is considered healthy, the control must be repeated annually.

By Sebastian A. Rivers of the editors of La Nacion

• It is a molecule essential for human life, which causes uncontrolled deleterious effects
• You have to balance the levels of HDL and LDL
• It is also essential to control triglycerides
• Food habits are fundamental

There is no doubt that cholesterol is bad press, and no wonder. The massive presence of this substance in the blood, which scientists call situation hypercholesterolemia is a major cardiovascular risk factors and stroke.

It is to be precise the starting point of atherosclerosis, which over the years leads to heart attack or stroke. But what few know is that humans could not live another minute without a proper share of cholesterol in our veins.

“This type of fat molecule is essential for life,” says Dr. Alejandro Ugarte, head of the Diabetes and Nutrition Section of the Center for Medical Education and Clinical Investigation (Cemic) and coauthor of “Cholesterol: What it is and how to control” — . Part of cell membranes, the basic structure of many hormones and bile salts are involved in digestion. ”

The problem, as we anticipated, is its excess: “When there are excessive levels of blood cholesterol, and this is not its normal, which are the cells that require it to operate, the surplus tends to deposit in the inner layer of the arteries or arterial endothelium, “explains Dr. Ugarte.

There, hidden, cholesterol molecules generate an inflammatory process that brings together other elements that circulate in the blood, resulting in the formation of atheroma that are gradually closing the light of the arteries, account specialist.

Everything goes silent until a hypertensive crisis or stress, for example, break the wall of the atheroma and dumps its contents into the bloodstream.

When this happens, the body attempts to repair the damage of the plate, but the attempt is futile and only allows lead to ending a thrombus obstructing the artery. When this occurs in a coronary artery, we face a heart attack, if it occurs within the brain to a stroke or stroke.

Credit to: Sebastian A. Rivers of the editors of La Nacion

Definition
It is the sudden and simultaneous disruption of breathing and heart function, because the relationship between the respiratory and circulatory system.

There may be respiratory arrest and heart continue to function, but occur within minutes cardiac arrest, when no first aid is provided immediately. Also start with a heart attack, in which case almost simultaneously, respiratory arrest occurs. In first aid is important to determine if there is respiratory failure or cardiorespiratory arrest for adequate resuscitation.

Prevention
# Do not give nor let children play with objects like buttons, seeds, or coins.
# Do not allow children to play when you are eating.
# Do not give children foods with shell or bone.
# Prevent children from falling asleep while eating candy or chewing gum.
# Do not hold in the mouth elements that can easily be swallowed.
# Chew your food before swallowing.
# Never leave children alone take a bottle or bottle.
# No smoking.
# Avoid a sedentary lifestyle.
# Bring your problems calmly.
# Express their anger or fear concerns.
# Delegate responsibilities.
# Take appropriate breaks.
# Manage your weight.
# Have a balanced diet.
# Do not exercise when you are in poor health.
# Recognize the manifestations of heart attack.
# Do not exercise after eating abundantly.
# Undergo medical control every year after age 45.
# Do not allow children to come alone swimming rivers or lakes.
# Do not let the reach of children plastic bags.
# Do not cover the children’s faces or leave within reach large heavy blankets or pillows.

Causes of respiratory arrest
# Drowning.
# Airway foreign bodies (pieces of food, vomiting, mucus, blood, etc).
# Inhalation of vapors or irritating gases.
# Choke.
# Alcohol intoxication.
# Excessive doses of drugs.
# Electric shock.
# Injuries.
# Shock.
# Heat stroke or frostbite.
# Burns.
# Inflammation of the throat.
# Obstruction of the throat collapse of the tongue.
# Lack of oxygen (mines, wells, closets) Heart attack.

Cardio respiratory causes of unemployment
# Heart attack.
# Deep hypothermia.
# Shock.
# Inter-cranial trauma.
# Electrocution.
# Hemorrhage severe.
# Dehydration.
# No breathing.

Manifestations of respiratory arrest
# No breathing.
# Cyanosis of the lips and nails.
# Loss of consciousness.
# Pulse rapid and weak.

Cardio respiratory manifestations of unemployment
# Absent pulse and respiration.
# Occasionally Pale bluish lips and nails especially.
# Loss of consciousness
# Partially dilated pupil in 2 or 3 minutes the expansion is complete and does not react to light.